Welcome Message

Conference Series LLC Ltd welcomes our esteemed speakers and delegates from all round the world to the "9^th International Conference on ENT Surgery '' which goes to be endured on November 02-03, 2022 Rome, Italy. All the participants and attendees are warmly invited from academia, clinics, private and government-sponsored laboratories, and industries from across the planet. Innumerable keynote and scientific presentations, also as a billboard exhibition, are bid to present their work during these two days. The conference also will administer attendees with a chance to form and renew friendships, network, and collaborate on future endeavors and research projects. We are truly honored to welcome a world-renowned faculty who will encourage Innovation, Educate & Invigorate the attendees. I'm confident that this Congress will greatly contribute to achieving our common goals.

About Conference

Conferences Series LLC Ltd invites all the participants from all over the world to attend “9^th International Conference on ENT Surgery” during November 02-03, 2022 Rome, Italy  which includes keynote presentations, Oral talks and Poster presentations.

ENT Surgery 2022 which aims to gather the most elegant societies and industries along with the renowned and honourable persons form top universities across the globe. ENT Surgery 2022 on behalf of its organizing Committee welcomes all the Otolaryngology researchers, industrialists, doctors, young scientists as well as student and corporate delegates to participate and to have a great experience. The theme of the conference is "New Advancement to Reveal the Shape of ENT Surgery". During ENT conferences, the International symposiums, B2B meetings, International workshops will also be organized to discuss the specific topics in the field of Rhinology and Otology. The conference also welcomes International exhibitions from corporate sectors to showcase the recent advancements in tools and techniques. Conferences Series organizes a 1000+ Global Events inclusive of 300+ Conferences, 500+ Upcoming and Previous Symposiums and Workshops in Asia, Europe, USA and Middle East with support from 1000 more scientific societies and publishes 700+ Open access journals which contains over 30000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members. 

Why to attend: 

ENT Surgery 2022 is an international platform for presenting research about diagnosis, prevention and management and exchanging ideas about it and thus, contributes to the dissemination of knowledge in Rhinology and Otology for the benefit of both the academia and business.

The organizing committee of this ENT and Otolaryngology Conference is gearing up for an exciting and informative Webinar program including plenary lectures, symposia, workshops on a variety of topics, poster presentations and various programs for participants from all over the world. We invite you to join us at the ENT Surgery 2022, where you will be sure to have a meaningful experience with scholars from all around the world. 

Target Audience:

• Scientists
• ENT Physicians
• ENT Surgeons
• Otologists
• Rhinologists
• Laryngologists
• Plastic Surgeons
• Young Researchers
• Students & Delegates
• Entrepreneurs
• Research Scholars
• Professional Service Professionals
• Otorhinolaryngology Societies
• Drug Manufacturing Companies

Sessions and Tracks

1. Otology

Otology involves studies of anatomy of normal and pathological conditions in ear enabling to study of diseases, diagnosis and treatment. Procedure involves middle ear and mastoid connected to chronic otitis media treatment for hearing and balance defects. Examples are cochlear embedded procedure, temporal bone lumps treatment, intra-canalicular acoustic neuromas.

• Neurological disorders treatment
• Hearing aids implantation devices
• Vestibular neuronitis
• Facial nerve paralysis
• Hearing loss and deafness
• Labyrinthectomy
• Vertigo
• Perforated eardrum
• Neuro Otolaryngology
• Sensorineural hearing loss

2. Facial plastic surgery

Otolaryngologists are specialized to treat eye, nose, and throat disorders along with entire face including neck also. Facial cosmetic surgery is a part of otolaryngology divided into two segments cosmetic and reconstructive. Cosmetic surgery performed to enhance facial appearance and structure includes wrinkle reducing, eye lifts, rhinoplasty, facelifts, and liposuction. Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to treat congenital anomalies or acid burns. Surgeons face a challenging task while treating such patients.

• Reconstructive surgery
• Cosmetic surgery
• Rhinoplasty and septoplasty
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Trauma to the face
• Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage
• Injectable cosmetic treatments
• Genioplasty
• Otoplasty
• Browlift and Blepharoplasty
• Facelift (rhytidectomy)
• Rhinology Surgery

3. Ear Surgery                                        

Ear surgery, also known as otoplasty, can improve the shape, position or proportion of the ear. A defect in the ear structure that is present at birth or that becomes apparent with development can be corrected by otoplasty. This procedure can also treat misshapen ears caused by injury. Otoplasty creates a more natural shape while bringing balance and proportion to the ears and face. Correction of even minor deformities can have profound benefits to appearance and self-esteem. If protruding or disfigured ears bother you or your child, you may consider plastic surgery.

4. Pediatrics

Pediatric otolaryngology is a branch of ENT dealing with abnormalities in children for their effective on time diagnosis and treatment methods. Examples are nose bleeding, tonsillitis, sinusitis treatment made possible using latest ENT surgery methods and guidelines of treatment. Field concerned with ensuring awareness among people to prevent or cure ENT disorders in children encountering incidence due to developmental or degenerative issues and infections.

• Advances in head and neck surgery techniques
• Trauma specialist
• Allergic rhinitis treatment
• Food allergy specialist
• Adenoidectomy
• Laryngotracheal Reconstruction And Laryngomalacia
• Ear Disease And Otitis Media
• Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
• Myringotomy And Tubes
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• Cricotracheal Resection
• Decannulation

5. Ear Disorders

Ear disorders causes infection in center ear and air space behind eardrum containing ear bones which is caused frequently by bacteria or viruses. It affects majority of kids compared to adults. Ear contamination is difficult to diagnosis until symptoms such as long haul issues, tireless liquid are observed and requires immediate anti-toxin drug treatment as continuous infection causes hearing disorders. Examples are cochlear implants, otomycosis, otitis etc.

• Meneire’s disease
• Balance disorders with physiological studies
• Autoimmune inner ear disorders
• Acute external otits (swimmer’s ear)
• Pierced ear lobe infections
• Keratosis obturans
• Adenoma and ceruminoma
• Exostosis
• Ramsay hunt syndrome
• Otomycosis
• Furunculosis

6. Laryngology

Laryngology is a branch of medicine dealing with vocal injuries and disorders especially laryngeal apparatus disorders. Severe vocal conditions involve cysts, cancer, blisters, spasmodic dysphonia, and papilloma’s, nodules of vocal folds and misuse of vocal cords.

• Laryngeal oncology
• Autoimmune disorders
• Hemorrhage
• Dysphonia/hoarseness
• Hoarseness Evaluation and Treatment
• Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
• Salivary gland tumors
• Speech therapy and audio processing
• Tracheostomy

7. Otolaryngology

Otolaryngology a surgical sub-specialty inside medicine dealing with issues related to ENT and structures of head and neck. Specialists rectify issues like head and neck tumors occurring irrespective age in individual at large scale.

• Biopsies
• Medicinal study
• Nasal septum surgery
• Micro-vascular reconstructive repair
• Tonsillectomy
• Sinus surgery
• Head and neck cancer surgery
• Neck Dissection
• Parotidectomy
• Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery
• Septoplasty
• Thyroidectomy
• Molecular and Cellular Otolaryngology

8. Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS or OMFS) has some aptitude in treating various diseases, wounds and distortions in the craniofacial regions, for example, head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and sensitive tissues of these areas. OMS goes about as an augmentation among pharmaceutical and dentistry, treating conditions that require authority from the two establishments, for instance, head and neck developments, early dental implant frustration, hostile to disease prophylaxis, salivary organ sicknesses, facial unevenness, facial anguish and bruises and tumors of the jaws and pollutions.

OMS is a generally seen careful distinguishing strength. In countries, for instance, the UK, and most by far of Europe, it is seen as both strength of medicine and dentistry, and a twofold degree in pharmaceutical and dentistry is compulsory. In various countries including the United States, India, Canada, Brazil, New Zealand, Australia, and Sweden, it is an apparent specialty of dentistry.

• Craniomaxillofacial Complex
• Cosmetic Facial Surgery
• Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery / Cleft Surgery
• Dentofacial Orthopedics
• Dentoalveolar Surgery
• Lip Reconstruction
• Gingivecomies
• Frenectomies and Operculectomie
• Microvascular Reconstruction

9. Sinus surgery

Sinusitis is a condition dealing with treatment of sinuses which can be by birth or due to injury in tissues covering sinus leading to pus formation or tilted bone blocking one side of sinus. Side effects involve nasal polyp’s formation leading to difficulty in breathing.

• Acute sinusitis
• Endoscopic sinus surgery
• Balloon sinuplasty
• Chronic sinusitis
• Chronic maxillary sinusitis
• Sinus headaches
• Immunodeficiency in chronic sinusitis: Recognition and treatment
• Antibiotics therapy in sinusitis
• Pediatric sinus surgery: Anatomic and surgical consideration
• Nasal irrigation and topical drug delivery
• Surgical navigation and Intraoperative Imaging
• Endoscopic applications in orbital Surgery
• Somnoplasty

10. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common type of sleep arena causing intermittent or complete breathing issues while sleeping resulting in reduced blood oxygen saturation or snorting. OSA mainly caused by hypertension, overweight, and ceaseless nasal clog, condition interrelated to wheezing occurring 3-12% in youngsters and 59% in grown-ups. Uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty is ENT surgery procedure widely used to treat OSA.

• Polysomnography
• Maxillo Mandibular Advancement
• Soft Palate/Tonsil Treatments
• Laryngeal Movement Disorders
• Deviated nasal septum
• Surgical Treatment of Snoring /OSAS
• Occupational Voice Disorders
• Robot assisted Surgery
• Voice & Swallowing in Elderly

11. Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy

Tonsillectomy involves surgical removal of palatine tonsils through incision made in tonsillar fossa. Surgery performed to stop repeated acute tonsillitis condition. Tonsillectomy accompanied with surgical removal adenoids generally known as adenoidectomy generally performed in association in children. Surgery performed to cure breathing and swallowing problems.

• Surgery techniques advancement
• Microdebrider
• Rehabilitation techniques

12. Anesthesia dose and Pain relief in ENT surgery

Anesthesian plays a major role to recommend accurate dose of anesthesia before or during recovery period of patient. Anesthesia is administered to initiate faster recovery mechanism and make patient relieved from severe pain generated by trauma, surgery, infection or blood circulation disruption.

• Anesthetic system for micro laryngeal surgery
• Anesthesia for ENT surgery
• Anesthetic techniques for middle ear surgery
• Anesthesia in pediatric otolaryngology
• Anesthesia in thoracic surgery

13. ENT Patients rehabilitation

Rehabilitation process or treatment carried to regain body’s immune power. Process involves motivating patient to overcome trauma or lost immunity and also deal with lost part compensation. Example is Vestibular rehabilitation therapy center where therapy procedure depends on patient condition.

• Physiotherapy techniques
• Medicamentous and physiotherapeutic treatment

14. Recent advances and future directions

The subject involves assessing outcomes of present ENT surgery research work particularly in field of otolaryngology. The session involves studies, analyzing data, interpreting modifications recommended in present procedures to avail cutting edge next-generation technologies to empower improvement in ENT surgery studies and clinical preliminaries.

• Surgical rhinology
• Cochlear implantation
• Stem cell treatment strategy
• Laryngeal Photography
• Otoscopic Photography
• Stroboscopy
• Fibre Optic Laryngoscopy
• Reconstructive Prosthesis In The Ear
• Lasers In Ent

15. ENT disorders

ENT disorders deals with infectious laryngitis, Tonsils, Implications for gonococci disclosure, Bacteriological and immunological examinations related to the ear.

• Pharyngitis
• Perforated Eardrum
• Otosclerosis
• Foreign Body
• Cholesteatoma
• Epiglottitis
• Vocal Cord Nodule

16. ENT implants and their application

ENT implant procedure involves hardware gadgets employed for treatment of physiological disorders related to ENT (eye, nose or throat). The wide scope of gadgets leads market growth rate and revenue generation pursued with gadgets insurance, contra-indications, and admonitions.

• Implant material
• Techniques of implantation
• Latest implantation devices

17. Tonsillitis

Inflammation of tonsils is termed as Tonsillitis, a type of pharyngitis caused by bacterial or viral infection. Sore throat, fever, tonsils extension, swallowing problem, and lymph nodes enlargement are symptoms of tonsillitis. Tonsillitis is mainly air-borne infection caused by bacteria approximately 5-40% cases known as strep throat condition. Sample obtained using swab and diagnosed by fast strep test. Common organisms causing tonsillitis are Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhea, Corynebacterium diphtheria, or Haemophilus influenza.

18. Audiology

Audiology involves hard of hearing visual deficiency concerned with sight and hearing impedance. Ototoxicity property is harmful for ear, especially cochlea, nerves connected to ear and vestibular framework. The deficiency is related to both vision and hearing where both in association with each other leads to increment possession. Individuals of any age suffer from such deficiency it can be from birth or decay further down the road. Yet, some people with deficiency have some vision and hearing power. According to American academy of Audiology, people beyond 60years age experience age related hearing deficiency noticed in one out of three individual.

• Discussion of current and future clinical simulation tools and technology
• Hearing Loss Or Impairment
• Balance disorders
• Hearing Aid And Cochlear Implants
• Auditory And Vestibular System
• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
• Spatial Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
• Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
• Audiometry
• Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
• Dichotic Listening Test

19. Rhinitis

Rhinitis also known as coryza is a condition involving irritation and tenderness of nasal mucous membrane. Allergic Rhinitis is air-borne caused by pollens and dander. Common symptoms include sneezing, nasal itching, fatigue, malaise, watery red eyes, running nose. Allergy generates numerous amount of mucus causing running nose and inflammation caused by post cells degranulation leading to histamine release along with other chemicals causing fatigue and malaise.

• Type IV hypersensitivity
• Mast cell degranulation
• Allergic and non-allergic
• Innate and adaptive immunity in allergic respiratory inflammation
• Infectious & atrophic rhinitis
• Fungal & acute rhinosinusitis

20. Head, Neck, and Oral Oncology

Head and neck cancer is a gathering of malignancies that begins inside the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary organs. It might likewise incorporate Oral growth, a kind of head and neck disease which is most normally known as mouth tumor. The most widely recognized kind of oral growth found in grown-ups is squamous cell carcinoma which is exceptionally uncommon in babies. While, the most widely recognized kind of oral malignancy found in kids are lymphomas and sarcomas. The head and neck growth for the most part caused because of disease with human papillomavirus and an excessive amount of utilization of tobacco and liquor. The head, neck and oral tumor likewise incorporates numerous different growths, for example, Nasopharynx disease, Oropharyngeal malignancy and HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumor, hypopharynx, Laryngeal tumor and so on which are related with head and neck.

• Radiation therapy for Head and Neck Oncology
• Oral Surgery
• Oral and craniofacial diseases
• Tobacco and oral diseases
• Prevention of oral cancer
• Chemotherapy of oral cancer and its side effects
• Diagnosis and Management
• Molecular Pathogenesis of Oral cancer
• Head and Neck Surgery

21. Speech Language Pathology

An SLP is specialized to treat difficulties in speech, Hearing, and swallowing. In addition, especially associate in Nursing SLP will assess in treating

Fluency: Stammering and cluttering

Speech: articulation

Language: ability, and comprehension of spoken and communication

Cognition: attention, memory, ability to resolve issues

Voice: characteristics of vocal tone

Audile habilitation & audile rehabilitation: recovery techniques related to speech, hearing & language disorders Swallowing disorders: stroke and innate disorders alternative services: some therapists can focus on alternative services together with skilled voice development, accent or non-standard speech modification, transgender voice, business communication modification, and voice hygiene.

• Speech Therapy for Late Talkers
• Speech Therapy for Stuttering
• Speech Therapy for Kids With Apraxia
• Speech Therapy for Aphasia
• Speech Therapy for Swallowing Difficulty

Market Analysis

Market Analysis:

With increase in predominance of ear, nose and throat disorders in geriatric people the demand of ENT devices expected to drive the ENT devices industry rapidly over the upcoming years. Expanding heights of healthcare awareness among patients and healthcare professionals expected to increase the growth of the market over the forecast period.

Presence of sophisticated healthcare infrastructure in the communities, favourable government initiatives led to progress and demand for ENT devices across the under developed countries owed to the extensive research and development targeted at developing technologically advanced products.

For details visit: https://ent-surgery.global-summit.com/

Importance and scope

Otorhinolaryngology is the branch of medicine deals with diagnosis, treatment and other complications related to ears, nose and throat, as well as the head and neck, mouth, sinuses, and larynx. Increasing use of some of the electric systems is partially caused by the growing attractiveness of access control systems which take less time for diagnosis, treatment and fewer damages through the time of surgery with minute pain. Increasing age leads to growth risk for otorhinolaryngology disorders. This results in the use of advanced laser and radiofrequency technology through surgical and diagnostic procedures and is predictable to drive ENT devices market size rapidly in coming forecast periods.

Target Audience:

• Drug Manufacturing Companies
• Otorhinolaryngology Societies
• Young Researchers
• Students & Delegates
• Entrepreneurs
• Research Scholars
• Professional Service Professionals
• Scientist
• Physician

Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) devices are special equipment used for detection, treatment or surgical procedure of any condition related to the ear, nose or throat. They also refer to artificial materials and prosthetic devices used to restore any dysfunction of the ears, nose and throat or any problems with hearing, smelling or speaking.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques involve the use of advanced and thin ENT devices in nasal, ear, and throat. The popularity of these types of surgeries is increasing because they are associated with minimal tissue damage, a quicker recovery, less irritation, and less scarring. ENT instruments available in the market are endoscopes, hearing aids and implants, handheld surgical devices, balloon dilation devices for sinus, CO₂ lasers, image-guided surgery systems, ear tubes, and voice prosthesis devices. 

Global ENT devices market was valued at €12.37 billion in 2015, and is expected to reach €21.36 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 8.1% during the forecast period.

Growing population under geriatric sector will definitely stimulate the ENT devices market scope. As per the WHO statistics, geriatric people are set to grow to over 16% by 2050. Since aging is considered as a serious factor inducing deafness and other hearing disorders, this phenomenon will raise industry demand in the coming years. Radiofrequency hand piece instruments were pegged at $ 0.8957 billion in 2015. While the hearing implants was driven by cochlear implants in 2015. Hearing implants market is expected to grow at a comparatively higher CAGR of 7.2%. This high growth can be attributed to growing geriatric population, and also increase in occupational hearing losses.

 The ENT devices market remarks extensive growth in the Americas due to the increase in need to reduce hospital stays and rising government measures to lessening hospital expenditures. This will drive the penetration of ENT instruments in the region from 2017 to 2021.

ENT device market is working for constant invention in design and technology to make these devices more non-invasive. They are constantly investing funds and resources into R&D departments to increase the scope of their devices. ENT developed Propel Mometasone Furoate Implant (PMFI) for treatment of chronic sinusitis which is a bio-absorbable steroid which is placed directly into the sinus mucosa. It controls the release of drugs and dissolves over time.

ENT Devices Market report is a complete study of present market trends in the market and industry growth. These analyzed at regional level to provide complete market report for the years 2013, 2014, 2015 and coming year’s upto 2020. Each market is broadly analyzed at a granular level by geography for Ex: North America, Europe, Asia and rest of the World to produce in depth on the global development.

North America has occupied the largest region in ENT devices market in 2015 and expected to reach 40% over in 2020. UK, France and Germany ENT devices market is high and dominates the European industry. Europe also has high degree of product dispersion mostly, in sections such as hearing aids and the presence of patient awareness and sophisticated healthcare management. Favourable government has led to development in demand for hearing aids instruments across Asia Pacific, which is to record a 6.5% CAGR through to 2023. Asia Pacific market is expected to have CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period due to the presence of target disease people, increase in distributers in ENT area, increasing concern among people for ENT disorders.

Increasing age leads to a decline in immunity levels in geriatric population who are suffering with ENT problems. This market research analysis recognises the growing preference for minimally invasive methods as this is one of the major factors for this market. With several advantages such as decrease price, hospital stay, lower risks of infections after surgery, fast results, and rapid recovery period.

Why to attend: 

ENT Surgery 2022 is an international platform for presenting research about diagnosis, prevention and management and exchanging ideas about it and thus, contributes to the dissemination of knowledge in Rhinology and Otology for the benefit of both the academia and business.

The organizing committee of this ENT and Otolaryngology Conference is gearing up for an exciting and informative conference program including plenary lectures, symposia, workshops on a variety of topics, poster presentations and various programs for participants from all over the world. We invite you to join us at the ENT Surgery 2022, where you will be sure to have a meaningful experience with scholars from all around the world.

Past Conference Report

We would like to thank all of our wonderful keynotes, speakers, conference attendees, students, associations, media partners, exhibitors and guests for making ENT 2021 Webinar a successful Online event.

With the overwhelming success of the previous conferences, Conference series hosted the “8th International Conference on ENT Surgery during July 26-27, 2021 London, UK, with the theme “Present cutting edge scientific aspects for modern innovation” was a great success, where eminent speakers from various reputed institutions and organizations with their resplendent presence addressed the gathering.

Benevolent response and active participation was received from the renowned experts and Editorial Board Members of Conference series Journals as well as from the Otolaryngologists, ENT surgeons, Physicians, researchers, students and leaders in Otolaryngology, who made this event successful.

The Conference was carried out through various informative and cutting edge sessions, in which the discussions were held on the following thought provoking and celebrating scientific tracks:

• Otology/ Neurotology
• Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology
• Pediatric ENT
• Hearing Impairment and Deafness Causes
• Rhinology and Allergy
• Laryngology
• Otolaryngology
• Surgical Approaches for Ear, Nose and Throat diseases
• Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
• Anesthesia in Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery
• Speech language pathology
• Surgery For Nasal Disorders
• Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• Pathaphysiology of Ear, Nose, and Throat
• Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)
• ENT Infectious Diseases
• Current diagnosis and treatment in otolaryngology

The adepts who promulgated the theme with their exquisite talk were:

• Voda Ioana, Clinica Nova – Explorari ORL, Romania
• Taísa Giannecchini, Fonoaudióloga Clínica, Brazil
• Gabriela Kopacheva -Barsova, Macedonia
• Ilaria Giudiceandrea, United Kingdom
• AlziraParolo, Brazil
• MichaÅ‚ Michalik, MML Medical Center, Poland
• Dema Motter, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, UK
• Dmitrii Shcherbakov, All Russian Academy for Opthalmic and Plastic Surgery, Russia
• Takwa Gabr, Faculty of Medicine Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
• Mirabela Soare, Clinica Nova – Explorari ORL, Romania
• Jafar Shakir, University of Malta, Malta
• Marija Jankulovska, Macedonia
• Vasileios Gkiousias, East Surrey Hospital, UK
• Ahmed Albosaily, King Saud University , Saudi Arabia
• Leyla Ozbek, University College London Hospital, UK
• Vedika Dhunnoo, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
• Leito Colorado, Ecuador
• Akshay Vinoo, MRCS, UK
• Vaishnavi Rajkumar, SRM Medical College and Hospital Reseaarch Centre, India
• Pranshu Mehta, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, India
• Ahmed Altuwaijri, Saudi Arabia
• Adrianna Podbielska, MML Medical Center, Poland
• Andrew Hess, Prisma Health/UofSC3, UK
• Tarek Metwally, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
• Dimitrios Angelou, SRM Medical College and Hospital Reseaarch Centre, Antrim Area Hospital, Northen, Ireland, UK
• Nergui Sodnompil, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Mongolia
• Mahmoud  Al Aaraj, Otolaryngology Department, BHRUT, UK
• Divya Bheenick, Mid-Yorkshire Hospitals UK.
• Anupam B Batra, District Hospital Barwani, Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Kenechukwu Kizito Igbokwe, University of Edinburgh, Scotland